dernière version des noms de montage de partitions
# /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier # for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name # devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0
/dev/sda2 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
/dev/sda4 /home ext4 defaults 0 2
# swap was on /dev/sda3 during installation
UUID=3e855601-886f-465d-b43d-c03ff0fad5ac none swap sw 0 0
/dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0
#<!-- ajout HL 100511
/dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0
/dev/sda1 /media/windows ntfs-3g rw,user,auto,gid=100,uid=1000,nls=utf8,umask=002 0 0
/dev/sdb5 /media/donnees ntfs-3g rw,user,auto,exec,gid=100,uid=1000,nls=utf8,umask=002 0 0
/dev/sdb6 /media/telechargements ntfs-3g rw,user,auto,gid=100,uid=1000,nls=utf8,umask=002 0 0
/dev/sdb7 /media/echanges vfat defaults,utf8,umask=007,gid=46 0
#-->
Affecter des noms de montages aux partitions
- créer les points de montages
mkdir /media/echanges
- éditer le fichier fstab
kdesu kate /etc/fstab
- modifier pour les partitions concernées les points de montages :
# /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 # /dev/hda5 UUID=b1fe3a77-d5a3-44d6-b28a-d12b97ceef0c / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /dev/hda6 UUID=f9cf0243-c5df-46fd-a82e-00190b1a90bd /home ext3 defaults 0 2 # /dev/hda1 UUID=60501E38501E14FE /media/windows ntfs defaults,umask=007,gid=46 0 1 # /dev/hdb5 UUID=BE044D7D044D39A3 /media/donnees ntfs defaults,umask=007,gid=46 0 1 # /dev/hdb6 UUID=52107EDB107EC58F /media/telechargements ntfs defaults,umask=007,gid=46 0 1 # /dev/hdb7 UUID=45C3-5FBF /media/echanges vfat defaults,utf8,umask=007,gid=46 0 1 # /dev/hda7 UUID=27f723ae-0acb-4cba-b1ed-968e50b31154 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/hdc /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec 0 0 /dev/hdd /media/cdrom1 udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec 0 0
Monter une image iso :
mount -o loop -t iso9660 fichier.iso /mnt/iso
mount -o loop sauvegardes.iso /media/loop
Monter un disque dur externe :
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/USB-Donnees
Démonter un disque dur externe :
sudo umount /media/USB-Donnees
Activer l'écriture sur les partitions ntfs :
Activer l'exécution d'exécutable linux sur les partitions ntfs
L'exécution d'exécutable linux est par défaut désactivée sur les partitions NTFS. Par exemple, pour l'activer sur la partion données, il faut modifie la ligne dans le fichier fstab
/dev/sdb5 /media/donnees ntfs-3g rw,user,auto,exec,gid=100,uid=1000,nls=utf8,umask=002 0 0
Désactiver la tâche updatedb
Cette tâche indexe les fichiers du disque 1 fois par jour, ce qui ralentit le PC durant 15 à 20 minutes et consomme de la RAM. Pour désactiver updatedb, rendez vous dans le dossier
/etc/cron.daily
puis désactiver l'exécution du script (chmod -x) du fichier slocale
Modifier la fréquence de contrôle automatique des partitions ext2 ou ext3
en ligne de commande, pour contrôler tous les 100 montages, les disques /dev/hda6 et /dev/hda7, faîtes :
sudo tune2fs -c 100 /dev/hda6 sudo tune2fs -c 100 /dev/hda7
A propos de apt
Emplacement des fichiers sources :
/etc/apt/sources.list
Exemple de fiichier source.list
# deb cdrom:[Kubuntu 9.04 _Jaunty Jackalope_ - Release i386 (20090420.1)]/ jaunty main restricted # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic universe deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic universe deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates universe deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic multiverse deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic multiverse deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates multiverse deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports' ## repository. ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. # deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu karmic partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu jaunty partner deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kubuntu-ppa/backports/ubuntu karmic main deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security universe deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu karmic-security multiverse deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kubuntu-ppa/ppa/ubuntu karmic main deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kubuntu-ppa/beta/ubuntu karmic main deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/mozillateam/firefox-stable/ubuntu karmic main deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian karmic non-free
Exemple de fichiers source :
# deb cdrom:[Kubuntu 8.04.1 _Hardy Heron_ - Release i386 (20080701.2)]/ hardy main restricted # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security ## team. deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy universe deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy universe deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports' ## repository. ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. # deb http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is ## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu ## users. deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security universe deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security multiverse deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kubuntu-members-kde4/ubuntu hardy main deb http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free